Soil moisture refers to the dryness and wetness of the soil, which is crucial for crop growth. A soil moisture monitoring station is a comprehensive site that real-time monitors soil moisture and related environmental parameters in specific areas. The "area" here can refer to farmland, planting parks, or larger-scale agricultural production areas. By setting up multiple monitoring points to form a network, it can fully grasp the distribution and changes of soil moisture in the area.
The monitoring station is mainly composed of a sensor system, a data acquisition and transmission unit, a power supply system, and infrastructure. The sensor system is the core. Soil moisture sensors use technologies such as Frequency Domain Reflectometry (FDR) and Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) to accurately measure soil moisture at different depths. FDR sensors calculate moisture content based on the relationship between the propagation speed of high-frequency electromagnetic waves and soil moisture. They are also equipped with auxiliary sensors for soil temperature, air temperature and humidity, wind speed and direction, etc.
The data collector collects sensor data, and after analog-to-digital conversion, storage, and preliminary processing, transmits it to the monitoring center through wireless or wired methods such as GPRS, 4G, and LoRa. The power supply system adopts a combination of solar panels and storage batteries. It supplies power and charges when there is light, and the storage battery supplies power at night or on rainy days to ensure continuous operation. The infrastructure includes sensor brackets, protective devices, and equipment cabinets.
The process of the monitoring station starting automatic irrigation is clear: users set soil moisture thresholds in the management system according to the water demand characteristics of crops. When the sensor detects that the soil moisture is lower than the lower threshold, the data collector transmits the information to the management system. After analysis, the system automatically sends instructions to the irrigation system to start the irrigation equipment. During irrigation, the sensor continues to monitor, and when the moisture reaches the upper threshold, the system instructs to turn off the irrigation equipment.
This automatic irrigation mode avoids problems such as water waste, soil compaction, and crop water shortage, improves irrigation efficiency, promotes high and stable crop yields, provides data support for the precise and intelligent development of modern agriculture, and is an important technical means to promote the sustainable development of agriculture.
This paper addresses：https://www.fengtusz.com/industry/799.html
