The Soil Moisture Profile Probe can obtain real-time and accurate data such as water content and temperature of each soil layer by arranging sensors in soil at different depths. These sensors adopt technologies like resistive, capacitive, or frequency domain reflectometry. Resistive sensors have a decreasing resistance as soil moisture increases, and the moisture content can be inferred by measuring changes in resistance; capacitive sensors determine water content based on the variation of soil capacitance with humidity; frequency domain reflectometry sensors, which are not affected by salt ions in the soil, measure soil moisture through the reflection time of electromagnetic waves, thus avoiding interference from agricultural activities such as the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides on measurement results.
Before rainfall, the Soil Moisture Profile Probe can monitor soil water content in advance. If the deep soil is already close to saturation, the soil's ability to absorb rainwater will weaken when facing heavy rainfall, making it more likely to cause disasters such as floods and landslides. Using the monitoring data, relevant departments can predict risks in advance, issue early warnings to areas that may be affected, and organize people to take preventive measures in advance, such as relocating residents in low-lying areas and preparing flood control materials.
During rainfall, the monitor continuously tracks changes in moisture content of each soil layer. A rapid rise in the water content of the surface soil indicates that surface runoff is about to form; changes in the water content of the middle and deep soil layers can reflect the infiltration of rainwater. When it is monitored that the rising rate of soil water content is too fast and exceeds the normal range, combined with data on rainfall amount and intensity, flood control command departments can accurately judge the possibility and approximate time of flood occurrence, gaining time for flood control scheduling. In river basins, based on soil moisture data, the amount of water released from reservoirs can be reasonably regulated to avoid flood inundation caused by saturated downstream soil and reduced river discharge capacity.
After the rainfall, the Soil Moisture Profile Probe continues to function by monitoring the recovery of soil moisture. By understanding the soil drainage rate and the declining trend of water content in each soil layer, it can assess the soil condition after the flood recedes, providing a scientific basis for subsequent work such as the recovery of agricultural production and the repair of infrastructure. If the soil water content remains high for a long time, it will affect crop growth, and relevant departments can accordingly guide farmers to adjust agricultural activities, such as delaying sowing time and taking drainage measures.
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